INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHISM

It must have been a startling revelation for the first psychic beings to became aware of the mind peculiarity, allowing in the human history the controversial reputation surrounding the psychical abilities, it is realistic to reference their existence from the ephemeral traces of the manifestations they left behind in various forms everywhere, as result of the remarkable events introduced by their supernatural powers these individuals lived and operated within the domain of their unique talents, at times wholly unaware of their own extraordinary nature, nevertheless, they remained conscious of the eclectic behavior of their minds, carrying within them the profound sense of being the sacred recipient of a divine gift, the recognition of such individuals in history, prompts us to explore the intricate interplay between their extraordinary capacities and the influence they exerted on the world around them.

Ancient philosophers, felt even inspired from their psychic cognition, which was making for them an ideal manifestation to pursue dialectically through extensive dissertations on the aspects of the mind, soul and consciousness, despite their rigorous intellectual endeavors, these philosophers rarely arrived at conclusions aligned with contemporary notions of psychism, in the past, the attribution to magic for psychic events was a common attribution, however, this association with magic not only failed to provide a comprehensive understanding of psychical occurrences but also contributed to the reinforcement of myths and legends surrounding such phenomena.

The historical linkage between psychic manifestations and magical interpretations serves as evidence for the evolving comprehension of the nature of these complex phenomena across different epochs,during the ancient era, the prevailing myth of gods residing the pagan pantheon contribute to the common belief where the manifestation of psychic abilities was attributed to divine command, it was customary for people to associate such extraordinary abilities with the intervention of supreme entities, this assumption prevailed if an individual possessed benign psychic powers, bestowed upon them to serve the greater welfare of society, this attribution to divine influence not only determined the perceptions of psychic phenomena but also reinforced the societal expectation that such abilities were inherently linked to a higher purpose, guided by the benevolent intentions of the gods.

Unfortunately historical records find difficult to represent the psychic events occurring on every day experience without a concrete evidence, but relying on hearsay that may be view as an unreliable way to attend to, however, history does retain the memory of those widely known occurrences that resonated significantly with the public, earning them a place in the accounts of local historians, these events, marked by their high impact and the loud echo generated within the communities, are considered noteworthy enough to be cited and chronicled, the historical narrative, molded by the collective memory and perceptions of society, tends to sort events that have left a significant impact on the cultural consciousness, even if a direct testimony for such occurrences may encounter restrictions.

To comprehend the meaning of a psychic existence antedating Christ, the Old Testament serves as an excellent document full with instances of various kinds, while these occurrences are typically interpreted as expressions of a divine will, it is significant that most of the times they necessitate human mediation to bring about psychic prodigies, in many cases, the manifestation of psychic events was involvedly tied to rituals designed to evoke metaphysical powers, the Old Testament, therefore, provides a rich assortment of narratives illustrating the dynamic relationship between the divine, human agency, and the ritualistic elements that were integrated for the realization of psychic phenomena, examining these accounts they offer valuable insights into the cultural and religious contexts for the understanding and interpretation of psychic occurrences in ancient times.

It is a common fact that historical accounts of mystical experiences tend to amplify the testimony of the psychic abilities concerned with the experience, attributing to them profound significance and purpose, in these circumstances, every manifestation of psychic ability is portrayed as intentional and purposeful, lacking of casual occurrences, even if conceived from a primitive human mind, there exists a discernible degree of self-awareness that enables the integration of supernatural abilities to enter in the history of mankind as an instrument of power, the compelling impression of psychic events reflects the cultural, social, and religious contexts of the time, highlighting the deep interconnection between the human mind and its evolving self-consciousness, to allow the narrative of psychic phenomena from the recognized might of occult faculties.

It must be acknowledged that references to supernatural events carried out by psychics are not exclusive to the Bible, in fact, across various cultures and religions of that time, there exist accounts of such occurrences, though they may not be as extensively documented as those found in the Bible, however despite the extent by which these events were recorded, the force of imagination behind these facts, or presumed facts, is a common similarity, the psychic interaction within cultural and religious realities contributed to the universality of the matter, the captivating nature of psychic phenomena and their impact on the perception of the common cultural boundaries, kept making it an object of mystery and enchantment, in numerous early societies individuals with peculiar psychic talents emerged, earning public admiration for their unique abilities, despite living in a time when the only plausible justification for displaying supernatural powers was labeled as witchcraft, many of these individuals managed to avoid persecution.

The latter fortunate outcome from their difficulty, can be attributed to their compassionate attitudes, as they selflessly offered their intuition and abilities to provide remedies for protecting people from their vulnerabilities, these psychic individuals, swaying their talents for the greater good, were admired from the communities they served, promoting a feeling of appreciation and safety which permitted them to rescue themselves from the suspicions and persecution associated with witchcraft, the convergence of their psychic abilities, goodwill and resourcefulness, in front of the innumerable societal needs, empowered certain individuals to manage the challenges of the period with acceptance and even reverence.

The psychic abilities of these gifted people, being intended for the betterment of humanity, as engaging in medical practices, offering their higher consciousness for counseling to individual matters or as advisers in the political affairs of the government, their occult proficiency, together with their compassionate avail of these talents, quickly they built a reputation, spreading very fast and wide, whether they were healing the sick, providing counsel, or contributing in other ways to the welfare of their communities, these people became revered figures, establishing a legacy that endured through the societies they touched.

As the consciousness of the world evolved, genuine psychics gained fame, dependently on their manifested talents, in Eastern countries, the integration of psychics into social life occurred more naturally, marked by respect and appreciation for their abilities, while in the Western continent, individuals manifesting a psychic nature faced a different reality, and the fear of persecution, sustained by the prevalent belief of witchcraft and the association of psychic abilities with demonic forces, compelled many to conceal their gifts in the Western societies, which being influenced by cultural and religious norms, had overshadowed the fame of individuals with psychic talents, leading them to stay low to avoid the risk of being labeled as witches or demons responsible for bringing pain and misfortune.

This clear divergence in societal attitudes toward psychics, by defining the acceptance or rejection of people with extraordinary abilities, reinforced their diverse cultural character, when the most evident aspect of bearing psychic gifts, even during ancient times, was a dynamic intelligence that consistently set them apart, this distinctive intelligence, exclusive of the psychics mind, manifested in their ability to traverse the complexities of their surroundings with insight and discernment, additionally, they exhibited heightened intuition and awareness, qualities that not only contributed to the manifestation of their psychic talents but also played a crucial role in ensuring their survival in eras where standing out as markedly different from the rest could lead to troubles.

When considering far-eastern societies of the past, particularly China and India, they are noteworthy for the particular humanistic concern they placed on recognizing and validated psychic powers, among in these civilizations, the perception of psychic abilities marked the emergence of illuminated thinking inspired by universal wisdom, this enlightened perspective sought to bring spiritual and material concerns onto the same plane, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the two realms, in these two countries, existed a rich tradition of acknowledging and embracing individuals with psychic gifts, viewing such talents as manifestations of a deeper understanding of the cosmos, the integration of psychic powers into the cultural fabric reflected a holistic approach that noted the interplay between the spiritual and material aspects of existence, this appreciation laid the foundation for a more harmonious worldview, wherein the cultivation of psychic abilities was seen as a path to attaining a higher state of consciousness and contributing to the well-being of both individuals and society as a whole,give emphasis on universal wisdom and the acceptance of psychic powers in these cultures, contributed to the development of profound philosophical and spiritual traditions that endure to this day.

The individuals chosen to render this spiritual legacy were entrusted with the responsibility of preserving and to relay it to the next generation, the infused mystical faith not only fueled the commitment of these cognitive psychics to continue unyielding their teaching, which created an atmosphere of profound reverence around them , as the faith of authenticity and transformative power conveyed from the knowledge they transmitted it became a sacred duty to attend from the followers, in time this generational transmission, formed the basis of spiritual lineages and traditions, the strong conviction in the importance of enduring the notions of universal wisdom, it contributed to the perpetuity of the spiritual practices, shaping their perception and their cultural appreciation in profound ways.

It is certain that also in Occident lived a large number of psychical people, particularly during a time when the Western continent was characterized by a primitive and savage way of life, where paganism settled and served the predominant spiritual and cultural reference, to consent the formulation of principles in both religion and politics, much like their peers in other parts of the world, although the occidental psychics, had to confront a primitive societal structures with polytheistic spiritual beliefs, of the pagan order, and nature-centric elements, which context contributed in how psychic abilities were grasped and interpreted, while the Occidental psychics may not have been as extensively documented as those in other cultures, their existence within the underdeveloped life system of the Western continent highlights the universality of the human experience with psychic phenomena, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries, the imprint of psychic abilities on the early spiritual stage of the Occident remains a fascinating aspect in its historical heritage.

whereas few privileged territories appreciated concrete social accomplishments, which held some authoritative significance in the minds of the people, to act as guiding lights through the darkness that pervaded the contemporary consciousness, the achieved realization of a meaningful social progress served to awaken interests and instill a willingness among the populace to engage in life projects, with the purpose of building a better life, the employment of psychics on public role varied significantly in such historical context, in some advanced societies, that enjoyed peace and prosperity, their talents were put in service for the betterment of the community as their contributions were recognized and valued, and they covered key functions in various aspects of society, on the other hand, in regions facing invasion by barbarians or enduring continuous intestine wars, psychics found themselves in less favorable circumstances to find consent and under these unfortunate conditions, they grew victims of public resentment, yielding in a current prejudice against them, caused by the tumultuous nature of such societies, which marked by conflict and instability, led to a distrust of individuals who were believed to have supernatural abilities.

Just as, in the Far East, the development of psychism took a more significant revered path, particularly for those people who manifested genuine psychic abilities, in these cultures, psychics were not only venerated but, in some cases, even worshipped, the followers, being grateful for the benefits derived from their metaphysical power, would express their appreciation generously, that could extend in passional acts of devotion, including the parting of their most precious possessions as a show of gratitude, the belief in the beneficial nature of their abilities to connect with higher spiritual realms, let to nurture a profound admiration among the communities they served, this cultural dynamic created an environment where psychics were not only accepted but celebrated, having their presence imbued within the spiritual and social life, while the generosity displayed on their behalf meant the profound impact these individuals had on the well-being and spiritual fulfillment of those they touched.

The dawn of human spirituality and the development of esotericism, mysticism, and psychism are clearly traced back to ancient India, in its historical background, it is noted that these spiritual traditions emerged long before the invention of written language, the transmission of knowledge and wisdom relied heavily on the oral tradition, passing from generation to generation through the talents of adept seers and sages, considered as the early practitioners of psychism, who had an essential contribution in maintaining and divulging universal wisdom, the mnemonic imprinting of teachings became a specialized skill among the adepts, allowing them to preserve the vast body of spiritual and philosophical knowledge, these oral traditions laid the foundation for the rich formulation of spiritual and metaphysical ideas, that would later find expression in written texts, including the sacred scriptures of various Indian religions, for sake of reference, few of the most famous psychics are: Vyasa (circa 5th century BCE), Patanjali (circa 2nd century BCE),4. Gautama Maharishi (Buddha - circa 1st millennium BCE), and Vashistha of whom the dates are incertain however ancient.

Such demonstration of psychic intelligence in ancient India have left an indelible imprint on the consciousness of mankind rendering an early instance of psychism ability in its history, while the records of this esoterics teachings have been consigned to us through later scripts, it's important to acknowledge that there have been millennia between the origins of these principles and their acknowledgment in the modern world, despite this temporal gap, the foundation ideas and the spiritual insights being cultivated on their doctrine have endured through generations, shaping the spiritual, philosophical, and cultural heritage of not only India but also influencing diverse other thoughtful perspectives, the profound concepts of consciousness, interconnectedness, and universal wisdom continue to resonate in contemporary discussions on spirituality and metaphysics.

Notably, as observed in Indian mysticism, stands the practice of occult trance, that has left a significant and enduring legacy, engaging in occult trance meant entering a metaphysical dimension where the body was separated from the mind,this profound practice involved transcending the limitations of the physical realm to connect with higher states of consciousness and spiritual insights, over time, this practice evolved and adapted to the capabilities of any individual, eventually transforming it into what is commonly known as meditation, in its various forms and depths, but to retain the fundamental essence of the occult ,the primary function remains consistent – to alleviate the burdens of the body from the mind and guide the practitioner toward spiritual enlightenment.

But regrettably, with the displaying veneration given to psychics in the East, there was an undesired side effect, the allure of the occult and the fascination with psychic abilities led some individuals to attempt to mimic these powers through the use of tricks, illusions, and manipulations, these imitators tried to exploit the genuine belief in psychic abilities for personal gain, the attempts to deceive by emulating psychic abilities not only undermined the genuine efforts of those possessing true gifts but also decreased the trust and belief that communities had in such practices, the authorities, recognizing the potential for exploitation and manipulation, operated to deter fraudulent activities by imposing strict consequences for those engaging in deceptive practices related to the occult, upholding the need to maintain ethical standards within societies that kept psychic abilities in high regard, making efforts to curb dishonest conduct, pointing at preserving in their cultural contexts the authenticity and sanctity associated with true psychic abilities.

The practice of meditation into various spiritual traditions, appreciated by spiritualists and psychics alike, is a proper mind instrument for enhancing the ability to transcend the mundane and connect with the spiritual self, to interface with a more in-depth insight into the nature of life, recalling the principles fixed in the early psychic skills of the occult, as to exert for the manifestation of PSI phenomena as the separation of the astral body from the physical body and its projection to a distant location, commonly known as astral projection or out-of-body experience (OBE), in various mystical traditions, this ability is believed to allow individuals to explore different realms, gain insights, or connect with supernatural dimensions.

As the recognition of psychic power found global acceptance in various Eastern countries, the keen universal wisdom evinced in the consciousness of those possessing psychic abilities began to capture the interest of Western minds, facilitated by the campaigns of Alexander the Great, which opened the communication channels between countries, working as a primary mean in this intercultural exchange, allowing a direct route from India, through Persia and Iraq, leading to Greece, the importation of new cultural resources from the East to the West, by Alexander's conquests and the subsequent establishment of trade routes, became an incentive to the infusion of Eastern philosophies and their spiritual insights into the Western thought, letting the rich framework of the universal wisdom present in the Eastern psychic traditions starting to influence the mind of Greek philosophers and beyond

This cultural interchange marked a significant chapter in the history of human knowledge, encouraging a mutual revision of ideas, that contributed to the development of new philosophical and spiritual traditions, the access and study of Eastern insights by Western minds, enabled by the scholars imported by Alexander the Great to teach the universal philosophy, it began to shape the intellectual evolution of both regions, becoming a privilege in the west if imparted personally by psychics from distant lands, who sought to make their knowledge of ancient doctrines and esoteric insights on the origin of humanity available to Western students, essential to assist psychics in acquiring a heightened awareness of their inherent powers.

These scholars, driven by a self-commitment to the free dissemination of the universal truth, bridged the gap between Eastern and Western thought, by spreading ancient doctrines and revealing esoteric meanings, they facilitated a diligent scrutiny of the universal philosophy, this cultural partaking not only broadened the intellectual horizons of Western scholars but it also fell in the interests of ancient Egypt, standing as a millenary civilization renowned for its esoteric practices, which, while appearing mysterious, were imbued with farsighted ambitions, the pharaohs of Egypt, employed an important dependence on a team of advisers who executed management of the governmental affairs, among these advisers, psychics held a prominent position due to their undisputed wisdom also empowered psychics by providing them with a more comprehensive concern about the origins and nuances of their unique abilities, defined in relation to newfound esoteric knowledge.

Over the extensive period of its enduring hegemony, no better than Egypt may to attests the proficiency and effectiveness of these psychic advisers, their contributions went beyond conventional governance, as they were valued for their insights into matters that extended into the metaphysical and spiritual realms, the psychics role in decision-making and their ability to provide counsel based on esoteric knowledge added a unique dimension to the leadership of the pharaohs, they offered a reputable evidence to the holistic approach to governance that integrated the skills of management with the insights derived from psychic wisdom, the influence of psychics in the affairs of the Egyptian state reflected the recognition of the interconnectedness of the material and spiritual aspects of society during that era,to cite some of the reknown, they are: Imhotep (circa 27th century BC),Thoth (dates uncertain, Setne Khamwas (circa 12th century BC),Neferhotep (1279 to 1213 BCE),Ptahhotep (25th century BCE)

While on the opposite side of the Mediterranean Sea, in the civilized Greece of antiquity, known for its intellectual and artistic pursuits,embracing the diversity of human capabilities, a pragmatic perspective towards psychic abilities prevailed, including those associated with psychic phenomena, thus any manifestation of psychic ability was acknowledged as an individual matter, and those possessing such powers were free to exercise them as a form of art before audiences, they were not only permitted but often celebrated for their distinctive talents, this social acceptance extended to cases where psychic with cognitive abilities were actively sought to participate in official meetings contributing more inclusively into the societal affairs, aiding in the decision-making processes of public interest, moreover, some psychics assumed roles as educators, taking advantage of their unique talents to convey insights and knowledge to the community.

The Greek chronicle is prodigal with famous psychics whose stories are blended with popular myths and legends, forming a significant part of the literary inspiration of its classic period, in this cultural context, Greek philosophy emerged as a major cognitive discipline, seeking to discern the nature of human spirituality, the philosophical inquiries of ancient Greece allowed thinkers to explore questions beyond the apparent existence, consciousness, and the supernatural, often leading to the convergence of philosophical intuitions with religious understandings.

Prominent philosophers such as Aristotle, Pythagoras, Plato,Diogenes,Parmenides and many others delved into the metaphysical realm, contemplating the nature of the soul, the afterlife, and the existence of higher realities, these philosophical inquiries filled with the mystical and psychic elements are present in the Greek myths and legends, the concord of philosophy and mythology in Greek culture allowed for a subtle comprehension of the spiritual dimensions of human existence which philosophers pursued to unravel, and in doing so, their intuitions frequently resonated with psychic elements deeply rooted in the cultural order of ancient Greece, this rich synthesis of philosophy, mythology, and psychic narratives contributed to the intellectual and spiritual evolution of classical Greek civilization, to cite some of the most highly regarded psychics lived in the golden age of Greece are:Tiresias (around the 8th century BCE), Aristides of Athens (5th century BCE), Apollonius of Tyana (1st century AD),Plotinus (3rd century AD)

Western civilization underwent a significant step foward following the conquest of Greece by the Romans, despite being invaders, the Romans exhibited a sincere interest in the local culture of Greece, in an effort to enrich the learning background of the new Roman society, they imported fundamental elements from the Greek civilization, which involved the transfer of knowledge, artistic achievements, and philosophical ideas, notably by the influx of scholars from Greece, including many talented psychics, who were brought to Rome to serve as private tutors, the Romans recognized the intellectual and spiritual wealth present in the Greek culture, and they actively sought to assimilate these elements into their own society, the presence of gifted psychics among the imported scholars contributed to the enhancement of Roman intellectual and spiritual life.

The collaboration between the Greek and Roman scholarly activity gave a synthesis that shaped the course of Western civilization, especially on the sharing of knowledge, including the psychic insights, which was given an important role in the cultural merging that occurred, the incorporation of Greek philosophy, arts, and the influence of psychics into Roman society laid the basis for the cultural legacy that continues to influence Western thought today, however as history unfolded, the advent of Christianity marked a significant shift by changing ideals and turning points periods, bringing an end to the golden age of the combination of the Greek and Roman cultures, this change had a deep implications for the lives of psychics, as the emergence of Christianity occurred in a time where their existence took an awkward and perilous path.

The Christianization of the Roman Empire and the subsequent spread of Christianity in the Western world contributed to a reevaluation of spiritual practices and beliefs, where the once-revered psychics did not find space becoming victims of Superstitious fear, the positive awareness that once was granted to their powers gradually decreased , and individuals with psychic abilities found themselves increasingly condemn , their abilities were seen as conflicting with the emerging religious orthodoxy, the representation of this era includes a controversial story for those with psychic abilities, who found themselves marginalized and subjected to societal prejudices that persisted for centuries. the evolving cultural and religious circumstances eventually perceived psychics to the role of witches or sorcerers, this shift was driven by a intriguing interplay of religious doctrines, societal perceptions, and the fear of the unknown.

Due to the despicable sentiments that emerged during these epochal circumstances, many layman psychics found themselves isolated without the social support that had previously ensured their survival, the change in societal attitudes towards psychic abilities put their lives at risk on a daily basis, frivolous reasons, such as the inability to fulfill extravagant requests made by antagonist individuals tied to the religion, became grounds for suspicion and persecution, spiritual transformations which had occurred within the psychic consciousness, usually aligned with positive and benevolent forces, became misconstrued as malevolent, some new christians, pushed by anxiety and misconception, finished to associate psychic abilities with evil practices and dark forces of nature, this perception further marginalized psychics, making them vulnerable to persecution and accusations of engaging in activities deemed contrary to the prevailing religious and lawful norms.

The latter situation, characterized by the negative perceptions associated to psychics , contributed to their decline, The desolate solitude they experienced marked a stark contrast to the social integration and recognition they had previously enjoyed, becoming subjects of mixed feelings from the public ignorance and superstition, as the manifestation of psychic abilities became increasingly rare, those who possessed such talents chosen to keep them hidden, the growing atmosphere of mistrust and hostility forced individuals with psychic gifts to stay concealed, as the disclosure of their abilities risked persecution, or even accusations of malevolent practices by the religious edicts which inspired the repression, the decline in the public acknowledgment of psychic abilities corresponded to the broader cultural and religious transformation that was ongoing then.

The current skepticism and suppression had a lasting impact on the fame of psychics, prejudicing the way their abilities were viewed in the following centuries, holding scruples to show openly their psychic talents as an essential survival strategy, which contributed eventually to their fading presence within a society that had imposed upon them a challenging history of persecution and marginalization, nonetheless, ironically, christianity had as well produced great minds with psychic abilities, these individuals dedicated themselves to various pursuits, including the study of science and philosophy, within the religious sphere, many saints emerged, devout people who devoted their entire lives to fulfilling humanitarian missions and were known to bear psychic abilities.

These saintly figures operated selflessly for the benefit of others, at the cost of their own well-being and, in some cases, making the ultimate sacrifice, however their psychic abilities, rather than being condemned, were considered within the context of divine service, the lives of these saints are portrayed by acts of compassion, healing, and spiritual guidance, all of which were seen as manifestations of their psychic gifts, as Christianity expanded throughout the Western world, particularly during the rejection of paganism, a distinct spiritual ideology emerged that was not inherently compatible with the metaphysical abilities manifested by psychics, the Christian faith tended to deny the idea of psychics as supernatural beings, instead attributing psychic power exclusively to saints who were believed to have performed miracles during their lives, the recognition of individuals as saints, and consequently as possessors of psychic abilities, was a process carefully regulated by the Holy See.

According to Christian doctrine, the acknowledgment of a saint's psychic abilities required proven and authenticated evidence of miracles by the Holy See as being the highest authority within the Catholic Church called for scrutinizing and confirming such claims, only after a meticulous examination of the evidences and a formal canonization process an individual would be officially declared a saint, to cite few of the most famous recognized for their extraordinary spiritual gift are: Francis of Assisi, Theresa of Avilla, Lutgardis of Aywières, Albertus Magnus, this rethink of perspective demonstrates how Christianity, in its institutionalized form, sought to reconcile or integrate certain metaphysical phenomena within the configuration of its faith, while not outright rejected, psychic abilities were channeled through the accounts about saintly miracles, being subject to the stringent criteria of the religious hierarchy.

While on the exiting of the Dark Ages a controversial era in the history of the western world began, marked by the dominance of the Church as a powerful institution with significant political influence, the Church wielded considerable authority exerting a leading part in influencing both the spiritual and political system, it acted as the spiritual alter ego of the monarchy, wielding power over laws and implementing punishments against those judged heretical, particularly concerning orthodox dogmas—placing psychism in the front line of contention, its full control over the narrative of faith, allowed it to define what was considered orthodox and to suppress anything perceived as divergent or heretical, the psychic abilities, associated with practices outside the prescribed religious norms, faced scrutiny and censure, and those who manifested such abilities were sometimes accused of heresy, leading to persecution and suppression of their gifts.

As the Church sought to maintain its doctrinal orthodoxy to control the hearts and minds of the populace, by suppressing alternative spiritual views, including certain manifestations of psychism, it casted a gloomy perception on human progress, being marked by wars, famines, deadly epidemics, and a general stagnation in the societal development, the influence of the Church, at times oppressive and resistant to certain forms of knowledge, contributed to a prolonged period of intellectual and cultural stagnation, however, within this challenging historical context, psychics who managed to survive the abuses and persecutions found a sense of reward as their predictions began to unfold, despite the constraints imposed by the prevailing orthodoxy, psychic abilities persisted and occasionally found recognition, over time, the resurgence of intellectual inquiry during the Renaissance provided a more fertile ground for diverse ideas and opinions, including those related to metaphysical and psychic phenomena.

The survival and eventually the acknowledgment of psychic abilities, upheld its confirmation by the enounced predictions, serving as a demonstration of the resilience of those individuals possessing such gifts, the end of the Dark Ages marked a gradual transition toward a more open-minded approach to knowledge, facilitating a renewed interest in the exploration of the humanistic sciences, including the metaphysical and psychic dimensions inherent the different potentials of the human being, which put the emerging of the Renaissance as a transformative epoch, marking a total sociological phenomenon that brought new hopes to people and opened up numerous opportunities, for some fortunate psychic minds, the Renaissance represented a chance for vindication after enduring prolonged prejudices and the repression of their existence, this period clear the way for a rebirth of enlightened consciousness, providing a platform for those people who bore unique talents to express themselves freely, once again.

The Renaissance brought to a closer sense of universal status for mankind, while the despotic regime dictated by the church inquisition decayed, it allowed the human spirit to reconnect with its roots and to explore the depths of knowledge and creativity, to reclaim the vestiges of past traditions that had been hidden but not forgotten in the hearts of the society, with the resurgence of intellectual inquiry and a more progressive cultural atmosphere,the revival of esoteric practices and the contributions of psychics added a unique dimension to this period of intellectual and artistic flourishing, as society moved away from the rigid constraints of the past, heathen symbols started to reappear, enriching the visual arts, and to realign with the esoteric practices led by illustrious psychics from all over the western world, just to mention few names among the most reknown, they are : Nostradamus, Abrippa von Nettesheim, Jacques Gohory John Dee, Giordano Bruno.

While the creative inspiration of the renaissance endured for a relatively long time in history, it opened the way to the revolution of the Enlightenment which is recognized as the beginning of modern history, characterized by a more rational and empirical approach to understanding the world, this period rejected reliance on mere assumptions and embraced a realistic approach to scientific researches, during the Enlightenment, many psychics with genuine talents had the opportunity to gain public appreciation for their fantastic intuitions and inventions, the emphasis on reason, observation, and evidence-based inquiry created an environment where individuals with some special abilities could demostrate their talents without facing the same level of skepticism or persecution as in previous eras, psychics who demonstrated extraordinary insights that marveled both the general public and royal courts, found themselves more accepted to an intellectually curious society.

The Enlightenment era encouraged the exploration of new diverse ideas, including those related to metaphysics and psychic phenomena, this cultural openness allowed psychics to contribute to the broader intellectual discourse and gain recognition for their unique abilities, the emphasis on reason and evidence-based thinking marked a significant departure from earlier periods, providing psychics with a more favorable context to express and share their talents, although many individuals with psychic abilities, in particular those who open the way toward modern psychism, faced challenges such as sarcastic derision and denial, nevertheless, in spite of such egocentric scepticism and lack of understanding from some group of people, these anonymous were essential in advancing the exploration of metaphysical and psychic phenomena, with their contributions, while rendering bewilderment to the investigators they remains shrouded in mystery, nonetheless they have left an indelible mark on the evolution of our understanding of the human mind and consciousness.

Expanding on the historical aspect, psychism has always unfolded as a subject of fascination and inquiry, its transition through ages occurred from a more traditional, mystical understanding of psychic phenomena to one increasingly influenced by reason and empirical evidences, in the 19th and 20th centuries psychism continued to captivate minds, undergoing various interpretations and examinations, it saw the rise of spiritualism and the exploration of psychic abilities in different cultural and scientific contexts, notable figures emerged during this period, contributing to the ongoing discourse surrounding the nature of psychic phenomena, with discussions on spirituality, consciousness, and parapsychology, the scientific community engages in ongoing research to understand the potential implications of psychic experiences, While the printed media abound of publications related to occult subject matters, implying the growing acknowledgment for the need of open-minded inquiry into the mysteries of the human psyche, wishing to name some of illustrious psychic who have contributed with their occult study are:Giacomo Casanova, Andrew Jackson Davis, Antoine court de Gebelin, Franz Mesmer, Emanuel aswedenborg, Daniel Douglas and many more.

I end this exploration on the history of psychism with the understanding that its narrative, notably from the archaic period onwards, has been consistently documented, the intent was never to initiate the writing of a comprehensive book on the subject, but simply to report some details historical records and biographical references as suggested in the content, whose names and whereabouts can be readily found within the archives of any library, their availability constitutes a valuable resource for those interested in delving deeper into the lives and experiences of individuals bearing some kind of psychic ability, be it a gift of the mind or to manifest physically the power of the supernatural, as researching through ancient texts, examining accounts, or studying more recent contributions, these resources offer a comprehensive view of the evolution of psychism across different eras.

And in conclusion I wish to affirm as the author of this modest contribution on a subject which concerns myself dearly, for being sonally to be fully entitle to revisiting these chronological references with the intention to bring up a comparison between the existential circumstances of past psychics and those of the present day which afflict my psychical being, trying to understand the sentiments beyond their reputation, It is evident that in antiquity, spirituality held a profound and influential position, contrasting with the contemporary world where spirituality often appears as an individual concern vacant of collective substance, does this apparent adaptation signify the end of the human soul? No definitively, the answer can be predicted at this point with ease, the uncertainty surrounding the fate of the human soul remains a mystery that only the unfolding future may explicate, it is a complex and philosophical inquiry that invites contemplation on the evolving nature of spirituality and its role in the human experience, let the passage of time reveal the answers to this profound question.